"Remember, remember..."

You've just heard of the beginning of the first verse of this British popular verse.

Below is its full version :

"Remember, remember,

The fifth of November

Gunpowder, treason and plot !

We see no reason why

Gunpowder treason

Should ever be forgot !

Guy Fawkes, Guy Fawkes, 'twas his intent

to blow up the King and Parli'ment.

Three-score barrels of powder below

To prove old England's overthrow ;

By God's providence [or mercy] he was catch'd

With a dark lantern and burning match.

Hulloa boys, hulloa boys, let the bells ring.

Hulloa boys, hulloa boys, God save the King !"

Here it is, in an excerpt from the film :

It presents the beginning of the popular verse too : but now it's the man with a mask -"V"- who recites the verse  and not Evey any more !

The film is partly a historical  allegory : which historical character does "V" correspond to ? What historical event is alluded to in this video ?